Outbreaks ly reported in can be found in Thompson, et al external icon and Redd, et al external icon.
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Because of the long incubation period up to 6 months and typically asymptomatic course of acute hepatitis B and C infection, it is likely that only a fraction of such outbreaks that occurred have been detected, and reporting of outbreaks detected and investigated by state and local health departments is not required. Therefore, the s reported here may greatly underestimate the of outbreak-associated cases and the of at-risk persons notified for screening.
Practical guidance on detecting and investigating such outbreaks may be found in the Health care Investigation Guide.
Resources for prevention include updated hepatitis B immunization guidelinesand infection control guidelines and resources. Note: this is available in printable form pdf icon [PDF — 29 s].
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Hepatitis B total 25 outbreaks including two of both HBV and HCV, outbreak-associated cases, 13, persons notified for screening :. Single identified cases are not included in the table and may be particularly difficult to confirm as health care-associated infection transmission events. However, although this list is not exhaustive, during the following single cases were reported and confirmed as likely patient-to-patient health care-associated transmission:.
Although a clear infection prevention breach was not identified at the time of the investigation, all infections were in residents of assisted living facilities or at home who received assisted monitoring of blood glucose by the same home health agency.
However, assisted blood glucose monitoring and insulin injection received by 4 of 6 infected patients associated with illness in case-control study. Investigators identified that after performing AMBG, personnel manually removed used, exposed lancets from the fingerstick device, placing themselves at risk for exposure via a sharps injury.
Neither staff member received HBV vaccination. In the outbreak investigation setting case definitions are based on laboratory profile and clinical evidence rather than CDC surveillance case definitions which may omit asymptomatic cases.
General information
Acute HBV is typically defined as having a positive hepatitis B surface antigen and positive IgM core antibody, or positive surface antigen and negative total core antibody early infection. Chronic HBV is typically defined as having a positive hepatitis B surface antigen, positive total core antibody and negative IgM core antibody.
The likely mode of transmission was sexual contact, though other behavioral risk factors such as illicit drug use could not be ruled out. Investigation of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus transmission among severely mentally ill residents at a long term care facility.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rpt62 19 ; Bancroft E, Hathaway S. Deaths from acute hepatitis B virus infection associated with assisted blood glucose monitoring in an assisted-living facility — North Carolina, August—October MMWR ; Hepatitis B outbreak associated with a home health care agency serving multiple assisted living facilities in Texas, American Journal of Infection Control ; PLoS One. Acute hepatitis B outbreaks in two skilled nursing facilities and possible sources of transmission—North Carolina, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol ;34 7 Hepatitis B outbreak associated with home health care in South Florida.
October Epi Update. Acute hepatitis B outbreaks related to fingerstick blood glucose monitoring in two assisted living facilities. J Am Geriatr Soc ; Nonhospital health care-associated hepatitis B and C virus transmission: United States, Ann Intern Med ; Outbreak of acute hepatitis B infections at a psychiatric long term care facility.
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Am J Infect Control J Am Dent Assoc Transmission of hepatitis B virus to patients from an orthopedic surgeon. Pain Clinic Hepatitis Investigation Report. Health care—associated hepatitis C virus infections attributed to narcotic diversion.
Ann Intern Med ; Hepatitis C outbreak at an outpatient infusion clinic- Hillsborough County, Florida New Orleans, July Hepatitis C virus infections from unsafe injection practices at an endoscopy clinic in Las Vegas, Nevada, Clin Infect Dis ; Acute hepatitis C virus infections attributed to unsafe injection practices at an endoscopy clinic — Nevada, Southern Nevada Health District. Outbreak of hepatitis C at outpatient surgical centers, public health investigation report. December Transmission of hepatitis C virus during myocardial perfusion imaging in an outpatient clinic.
Am J Cardiol. Hepatitis C virus transmission in a skilled nursing facility, North Dakota, Am J Infect Control ; State of New Hampshire. Unpublished data, Colorado Department of Health.
Manuscript in preparation. Unpublished data, Washington State Department of Health, Muleta D et al. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rpts 64 50 Hemodialysis Facilities, — KidneyWeek, San Diego, November Poster Manuscript in preparation, Philadelphia Department of Public Health. Mbaeyi C. Outbreak of hepatitis C virus infections in an outpatient dialysis facility—Georgia, Outbreak of hepatitis C virus infections at an outpatient hemodialysis facility: the importance of infection control competencies.
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Nephrology Nursing Journal ; 40 2, Hepatitis C virus transmission at an outpatient hemodialysis unit — New York, — Hepatitis C virus infections associated with unsafe injection practices at a pain management clinic, Michigan, Pain Medicine ; Utah Department of Health. April Hepatitis C cluster in an alternative medicine practice- New York state, Louis MO, March Immunization of Health-Care Personnel.
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Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Minus Related s. However, although this list is not exhaustive, during the following single cases were reported and confirmed as likely patient-to-patient health care-associated transmission: A single case of HCV seroconversion in a long term care facility that provided hemodialysis. Conference abstracts to be published in Infect Control Hosp Epi supplement.
Transmission of blood-borne pathogens in US dental health care settings external icon. J Am Dental Assoc ; Am J Kidney Dis. Presented at meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology.
Additional information
MMWR Long-term care 4. Unpublished data, Pennsylvania Department of Health, 2. Unpublished data, Pennsylvania Department of Health, 3. Unpublished data, Michigan Department of Community Health Unpublished data, CDC, Unpublished data, California Department of Public Health Unpublished data, Pennsylvania Department of Health Unpublished data, Philadelphia Department of Public Health
